Extra Credit

Question: What is the problem with romanticizing nostalgic memories of the past?

F. Scott Fitzgerald, in his book The Great Gatsby, uses Jay Gatsby as an example of how constantly fantasizing about the past creates only disappointing, hollow results. For instance, when Gatsby is finally able to meet Daisy, his longtime love, after so many years she "tumbled short of his dreams," (Fitzgerald 101). Daisy was the reason for every single one of his actions over the previous five years, but even she did not live up to Gatsby's expectations. By romanticizing the few memories Gatsby had of her, he drew so far away from reality that there would be no way any human being could be the Daisy he wants. He was left with a present world, which was disappointing compared to what he imagined. Additionally, it would be impossible for Daisy to remain the same person she was in the past. Gatsby wants Daisy to admit that she only loved him, no one else, but Daisy is not able to. She says "I can't say I never loved Tom," (Fitzgerald 140), which upsets Gatsby greatly. He is unable to process that she loved both of them, and that she is no longer the same woman she was five years ago. It is impossible to recreate the Daisy of the past because she has been shaped by all the new, different experiences she has had during her years without Gatsby. Romanticizing old memories did not help Gatsby in any way - he just became an empty man searching for something that does not exist.

Luxury

F. Scott Fitzgerald uses many vivid similes and metaphors in his novel The Great Gatsby, especially in the second chapter. One instance of this is when Fitzgerald compares the location of a party to "one slice in a long white cake of apartment houses," (Fitzgerald 32). This image of a pure white cake shows the simple elegance of the wealthy, and the sweetness that the less wealthy imagine comes with having money. Later on in the chapter the color of the sky is compared to the "blue honey of the Mediterranean," (Fitzgerald 38). This gives the image of something rich and exotic, which can also be associated with wealth. By using this kind of language, Fitzgerald shows the desire for wealth and luxury during the 1920s. He includes it in chapter two specifically, during Myrtle's party, to emphasize his point. Since Myrtle and her friends are not rich, even though they pretend to be, Fitzgerald includes extravagant figurative language in the descriptions of their party to show the contrasts between the two. Their gaudy attempts at appearing wealthy, such as crowding the apartment with "tapestried furniture" and an "over-enlarged photograph," (Fitzgerald 33), are the exact opposite of the clean elegance of the white cake and the blue honey previously mentioned. Their endless quest to for wealth only increases their distance from it.

Myrtle's Apartment from the 2013 movie

Punctuation Synthesis

Claim: It is valuable to adhere to the rules of punctuation in today's world since proper punctuation provides meaning and clarity unstructured sentences cannot.

Following the rules of punctuation increases credibility and creates an air of intelligence in literary works. In Ben Dolnick's piece "Semicolons: A Love Story", he explains how he begins to believe the author William James is "intelligent, humane and excitable," (Dolnick 2) just by James's skillful use of semicolons. James, by following the rules of punctuation and using semicolons accurately, is able to appear insightful and credible to readers. Although this seems like the meaningless work of one person, it is in fact crucial for authors sound intelligent in their writing. Lewis Thomas, who wrote the piece "Notes on Punctuation", is an accomplished scientist as well as an author. While he plays with punctuation in this piece, such as when he divides an entire paragraph into different sentences enclosed in parenthesis, in official lab reports and scientific papers, he must use the rules of punctuation. If he strays away from them, he will risk looking uneducated or looking like he is trying to be humorous. Considering that fact that Thomas is trying to be humorous in "Notes on Punctuation", it is fine to use unconventional punctuation, but in academic papers it is a must to follow the proper rules.

The Nobel Prize

Throughout her novel The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison uses beautiful language to describe the story, even when it comes to discussing the most horrible events. Her ability to show things exactly as they are, without censorship, was what led to her receiving the Nobel Prize for her novel. In one section of The Bluest Eye, Morrison relates styles of whipping to winter and spring. The "firm but honest" (Morrison 97) winter whippings were preferred to the "nervous meanness" (Morrison 97) of the spring whippings by the narrator. In this passage, Morrison is able to show the differences between something natural and beautiful, like the changing seasons, and something unnatural and cruel, like whipping. She describes the beatings without sugarcoating them, which is something she does throughout the novel. By revealing many traumatizing events outright, Morrison provides a catharsis for readers. The reason Morrison won the Nobel Prize was because she gave "life to an essential aspect of American reality" (nobelprize.org). When people read her novel who have gone through the experiences described, they are able to feel a sense of relief. In a way, they can feel a sense of peace because stories similar to theirs were released to the world and did not have to be hidden anymore. Her ability to use language to  depict events not usually told to the public helps victims of the problems she displays.

Morrison receiving the Nobel Prize

The Spectrum of Seasons

In class, we discussed how there is a color spectrum of skin color, and how black people whose skin is lighter are treated with more respect while those who have darker skin are considered unruly and wild. The spectrum is similar to the seasons, with spring representing the lightest skin and winter representing the darkest skin. Spring is full of bright, fresh colors and growth of new things. Many people enjoy spring because the cold weather and snow finally disappear - winter disappears. Not as many people like winter since it is usually extremely cold and bleak.
The imagery in The Bluest Eye reveals the relationship between seasons and skin color. Maureen, a girl who falls on the lightest side of the color spectrum, is described used vivid colors, and she even has "a hint of spring," in her eyes (Morrison 62). Her colorful dress and pretty face make her seem like a blooming flower in the spring, set apart from the rest of the black children at her school. On the other side of the spectrum there are the other darker skinned children, in whose yards "grass wouldn't grow," (Morrison 92). This absence of life and growth is just like the cold harshness of winter weather. Pecola, who is also at this end of the spectrum, is miserable and frozen in her fate, unable to break free from her awful home situation. She tries to deny her race and prays to look like a white girl every night, but it is no use. In the novel, Pecola "held her head down against the cold," (Morrison 93) but it isn't enough, since she still sees snowflakes falling. No matter how much she wishes to be on the lighter part of the spectrum, she is still stuck in wintery reality.